as

Friday 22 December 2017

Tense sub types in English Grammar - Simple, Perfect, Imperfect, Perfect Imperfect

There are 4 subtypes for each tense
  1. Simple - used to indicate simple action/ habit.
  2. Imperfect (Progressive/Continuous) - used to indicate that action is going on (in progress).
  3. Perfect - used to indicate that action has finished in the past.
  4. Perfect Imperfect - used to indicate action was going on and it is still in progress.
Simple tense needs just the verb. But for other tenses, we need to use (to be / to have) forms as mentioned below.
  1. to be forms - am/is/are (present),  was/were (past), will be(future)
  2. to have forms - have/has(present),  had(past), would have(future)
For example - for continuous tense, we need to use to be+ing (I am working). For perfect tense, we need to use "to have+pp" (I have worked). For perfect imperfect tense, we need to use "to have + been + ing" (I have been working)
  1. Imperfect (Progressive/Continuous) - to be + ing
  2. Perfect - to have + pp
  3. Perfect Imperfect - to have + been + ing
In below list, you will see which form can be used for each type of pronoun.
  1. I                        - am/was/will be / have/ had/ would have
  2. we                     - are/were/will be/ have/ had/ would have
  3. You (Singular)  - are/were/will be/ have/ had/ would have
  4. You (Plural)      - are/were/will be/ have/ had/ would have
  5. He/She/It          - is/was/will be/ has/ had/ would have
  6. They                 - are/ were/ will be/ have/ had / would have

Below tables shows how we can use tenses in English.

Below table shows examples using Pronoun I.

I
Present
Past
Future
simple
I go

 I do not go
I went

I did not go
I will go

I will not go
Imperfect
I am going

I am not going
I was going

I was not going
I will be going

I will not be going
Perfect
I have gone

I have not gone
I had gone

I had not gone
I would have gone

I would have not gone
Perfect  Imperfect
I have been going

I have not been going

I had been going

I had not been going
I would have been going

I would not have been going


Below table shows examples using Pronoun WeOther pronouns you and they can be used in similar way.

We/You/They
Present
Past
Future
simple
We go

We do not go
We went

We did not go
We will go

We will not go
Imperfect
We are going

We are not going
We were going

We were not going
We will be going

We will not be going
Perfect
We have gone

We have not gone
We had gone

We had not gone
We would have gone

We would have not gone
Perfect  Imperfect
We have been going

We have not been going
We had been going

We had not been going
We would have been going

We would not have been going

Below table shows examples using Pronoun He. Other pronouns She and It can be used in similar way.

(He/She/It)
Present
Past
Future
simple
He goes

He does not go
He went

He did not go
He will go

He will not go
Imperfect
He is going

He is not going
He was going

He was not going
He will be going

He will not be going
Perfect
He has gone

He has not gone
He had gone

He had not gone
He would have gone

He would not have gone
Perfect  Imperfect
He has been going

He has not been going
He had been going

He had not been going
He would have been going

He would not have been going



What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Relative pronouns in English Grammar

Below is the list of relative pronouns. These are used in relative clauses.
  1. who, whoever, whosoever 
  2. whom, whomever, whomsoever 
  3. whose, Whosesoever
  4. what, whatever, whatsoever - What refers to non-living things or abstracts.
  5. which, whichever, whichsoever  -  which is generally used when choice is available. 
  6. that
  7. there 
Examples on Relative Pronouns
  1. I met one boy who seemed to be in shock.
  2. whoever (whosoever) wants to participate in event should contact organiser.
  3. I asked her whom I should take my query to.
  4. He will ask same questions whomever he meets
  5. She asked whose plan it was to visit Pune.
  6. Whosesoever id card is missing will be banned
  7. I was not happy with what she was doing.
  8. I will help you whatever
  9. Do whatever you want to do
  10. He did not study at all (whatsoever)
  11. I bought a car which was very expensive.
  12. Select whichever color you like.
  13. I got a letter that mentioned the steps I need to take to apply for a Visa.
  14. There is a park.
What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Reciprocal pronouns in English Grammar

Below is the list of reciprocal pronouns.

  1. Each other - Use this pronoun when talking about 2 people.
  2. One Another  - Use this pronoun when talking about more than 2 people.

Examples on Reciprocal Pronouns
  1. They helped each other to escape with minor injuries in an accident.
  2. They fell in love with each other.
  3. We all should be humble to one another.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Possesive pronouns in English Grammar


Below is the list of possessive pronouns.


NominativePossessive determinerPossessive pronoun
1st person singularImymine
2nd person singularyouyouryours
3rd person singularshe, he,ither, his, itshers, his, its
1st person pluralweourours
2nd person pluralyouyouryours
3rd person pluraltheytheirtheirs

Examples on possessive Pronouns.
  1. There are 5 cars in the parking zone. Red one is mine.
  2. The 2 story bungalow opposite police station  is ours.
  3. That pen is yours.
  4. Android phone is hers and Windows phone is his.
  5. 2 phones are theirs.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Reflexive pronouns in English

Reflexive pronouns are used when we talk about self.
Here is the list of Reflexive pronouns in English.


NominativeReflexive
1st person singularImyself
2nd person singularyouyourself
3rd person singularshe, he,itherself, himself, itself
1st person pluralweourselves
2nd person pluralyouyourselves
3rd person pluraltheythemselves

Examples on Reflexive pronouns
  1. I will solve that problem myself.
  2. They will accumulate the money themselves for buying a house.
  3. You can learn web programming yourself referring the tutorial.
  4. She cooks herself every day.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Thursday 21 December 2017

Indefinite pronouns in English Grammar

Below table shows the list of indefinite pronouns in English Grammar.

SingularPlural
Person relatedanybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, nobody, no one, somebody, someone
both, few, many, others
other another, anything, each, either, everything, neither, nothing, one, other, something

Example on Indefinite Pronouns
  1. Somebody called me and said something.
  2. Anyone can complete that task.
  3. Nobody attended the wedding ceremony.
  4. Everybody was in deep shock after hearing the news of his accident.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Interrogative pronouns in English Grammar

Here is the list of interrogative pronouns
  1. who - Who refers to person or people
  2. whom - 
  3. whose
  4. what - What refers to non-living things or abstracts. 
  5. which  -  which is generally used when choice is available. We can also use which one and which ones while asking questions.
Examples on Interrogative Pronouns
  1. Who is my partner?
  2. Whom should I ask this query to?
  3. Whose book is this?
  4. What is your daily routine?
  5. Which book do you want to borrow?
What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

demonstrative pronouns in English Grammar.

Below table shows the list of demonstrative pronouns in English Grammar.

SingularPlural
thisthese
thatthose

Examples -
  1. This is my car.
  2. These are my cars.
  3. That is his pen.
  4. Those are his pens.
  5. These books should not be kept here.
  6. Those papers should be kept in safe place.
What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Personal pronouns in English Grammar

Below table shows all personal pronouns available in English Grammar

Singular PronounsPlural Pronouns
First PersonIWe
Second PersonYouYou
Third PersonHe/She/ItThey

Below table shows more details about these pronouns.


NominativeOblique
1st person singularIme
2nd person singularyouyou
3rd person singularshe, he,ither, him, it
1st person pluralweus
2nd person pluralyouyou
3rd person pluraltheythem


Examples on Personal Pronouns.

  1. My name is Amar. I am preparing for the IELTS Exam.
  2. Give that book to me.
  3. 4 people met me. I asked them to wait outside.


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Wednesday 20 December 2017

Genders in noun - Masculine and Feminine nouns in English grammar

There can be 3 types of nouns based on gender.

  1. Masculine - Male
  2. Feminine - Female
  3. Neutral
When we say "man", we are talking about male. When we say "woman", we are talking about female.
When we say person, we may refer to either male or female.



Masculine/ MaleFeminine/ FemaleNeutral Gender
manwomanadult/ Person
boygirlchild
husbandwifespouse
bullcowox
CockhenChicken

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Articles (Definite and Indefinite) in English Grammar - a, an, the

Here is the list of articles in English Grammar.

  1. Definite (the)
  2. Indefinite (a, an)

1.Definite Article - The
"The" is used before the noun which is unique.
For example -
the sun, the moon.

We also use "the" to refer to specific noun.
For example -
the book (placed on the table) , the ball (we are playing with).

We do not use "the" in front of names of Cities, Countries.
We do not say the Indiathe Australia.
But we say the United States, the United Kingdom.

2.Indefinite Article -a, an
"a and an" are used before the noun which is general.
For example -
a man, a pen etc.

We use "an " in front of nouns that start with vowels.

For Example -
an apple, an illusion.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

to have forms in English grammar

Here is the list of to have forms in English grammar.



Singular to have formsPlural to have forms
Presenthashave
Pasthadhad
Futurewould have


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

to be forms in English Grammar

to be forms are used when you want to create the sentences in various tenses.

Here is the list of to be forms

Singular to be formsPlural to be forms
Present tenseam, isare
Past tensewaswere
Future tense will be, shall bewill be, shall be


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Modal verbs in English Grammar

Here is the list of modal verbs in English Grammar
  1. can/ to be able to - used to express the ability to do something
  2. could  - used to request something, also used to express possibility.
  3. may/might - used to predict something.
  4. would - used to offer something, also used to tell something in past, likelihood
  5. should, ought to - used when something is necessary to do.
  6. must/have to/got to/need to - used when there is compulsion to do something.
  7. Need not  -  used when there is compulsion to avoid something.
Examples on Modal Verbs.
  1. I can drive a car. (Ability)
  2. He is able to fix the issue (Ability)
  3. Could you please help me? (Request)
  4. It could rain today. (Likelihood)
  5. I may attend a party (Likelihood/ uncertainty)
  6. You should study very hard (It is necessary that you study hard)
  7. We must go on a trip. (compulsion)
  8. You need not come to my house (You do not come. It is unnecessary)
To describe habits or past routine things, we can use below constructs.
  1. I used to play cricket
  2. I would play football
What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Auxiliary Verbs in English grammar

We have already studied simple verbs. So let us focus on Auxiliary verbs now.

Auxiliary verb
Auxiliary verbs are used along with main verb to signify the tense and singular or plural subjects. Here is the list of Auxiliary verbs in English.
  1. is  
  2. am
  3. are
  4. was
  5. were
  6. have
  7. had
  8. have been
  9. had been
Below chart denotes when we can use above verbs depending upon the pronoun and tense.


Present
Past
Future
I
am, have
was, had
Will be/ shall be/ should be/would be
We
are, have
Were, had
Will be/ shall be/ should be/would be
You
are, have
Were, had
Will be/ shall be/should be/would be
He/She/It
is, has
was, had
Will be/ shall be/ should be/ would be
They
are, have
were, had
Will be/ shall be/ should be/ would be


Remember that we must be careful while using pronoun you.
We do not say - You was.
We say - You were. This is true even if we are referring you as a singular or plural pronoun.

Some examples are given below.
  1. I am going home.
  2. He is coming tomorrow.
  3. They are playing cricket.
  4. You were studying when I was working.
  5. It is raining. 
Please note that havehas and had can be used in different contexts as well.

For example -
I have a car. (I possess a car)
She has 2 sons. 
We had a great fun. (We enjoyed a lot)

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Tuesday 19 December 2017

Degrees of adjectives - positive, comparative and superlative

We can use degree of adjectives to compare the things.
There are 3 degrees of adjectives.
  1. Positive - He is a tall boy
  2. Comparative - Sagar is taller than priyanka
  3. Superlative - Amitabh is the tallest actor
We usually add er at the end of the adjective to get its comparative form.We usually add  est at the end of the adjective to get its superlative form.
Example - 

Poor - Poorer - Poorest
Strong - Stronger - Strongest
Tall - Taller - Tallest



With respect to 3 circles we can write below English sentences.

  1. B is bigger than A.
  2. C is bigger than B.
  3. C is the biggest.
  4. A is the smallest.
  5. A is smaller than B and C.
Irregular adjectives

Examples -
  1. We can not say - good, gooder or goodest. We say good - better - best
  2. We can not say - bad, badder or baddest. We say bad - worse - worst.
  3. little - less - least
  4. much - more - most
  5. many - more - most
  6. some - more - most
  7. far - further - furthest
  8. old - elder - eldest
To compare 2 equal things/persons, we can use as....as construct.
Example - Suppose you want to compare Sachin with Lara. You have to also say that both are eually good. Then we can say ->

Sachin is as good batsman as Lara.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Singular and plural nouns

Singular noun is used to indicate single person or object or thing. Plural nouns are used to indicate multiple persons, objects etc.

boy - Single (1) boy
boys - Many boys

Generally we suffix s at the end of singular noun to convert it into plural noun. But in some cases, you need to use different rules as mentioned below.

  1. If noun ends with y, we use ies. e.g. hobby will be converted to hobbies
Do not get confused with 's. 
  1. boy's shirt - shirt of boy
  2. boys' shirts - shirts of many boys, boys' exam - exam of many boys

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Daily english conversations at various places and topics


  1. School/college
  2. Doctor and chemist
  3. Occupation
  4. Friends
  5. Home 
  6. Movie - discussion about movie review
  7. Sport - discussion about the game
  8. Office discussion with team members
  9. Interview
  10. Introduction
  11. Hospital enquiry over phone
  12. Library admin
  13. Hotel receptionist
  14. Car salesman
  15. Travel agent
  16. Hobbies
  17. Real estate agent
  18. Planning a trip



What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Monday 11 December 2017

Tenses in English

Tense in the sentence provides valuable information about when the action happened.

There are 3 simple tenses.
  1. Present - Action happens in the present (e.g. I work)
  2. Past - Action has happened in the past  (e.g. I worked)
  3. Future - Action will happen in the future (e.g. I will work)
Making sentences in simple tenses is very easy. All you need to know is verb. 
Additionally, you need to remember one important rule.

Positive sentences

If the subject is "He/She/It" (Singular third person) and you are making a sentence in present tense, you need to suffix "s" at the end of verb. Sometimes, we need to suffix "es" if the verb ends with "O". Remember that this rule applies to present tense only.

For example -

Below sentence is incorrect.
He work

Instead of that, we use below syntax.
He works

When the subject is a noun, you need to first convert it into pronoun. Once you know pronoun, you can easily apply above rule. For example - In first sentence below, subject is a single train which means it. So the rule will apply. But in second sentence, we are talking about more trains (plural), so rule does not apply.

Train (It) arrives.
Trains (They) arrive.
I have a pen.
There is a box.

Negative sentences

When the sentence is negative and in present or past, you need to use special verb - do (do - does - did - done)

For example -

I do not work
He does not work
He did not work
I will not work
I do not have a pen
There is not a box

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Sponsored Links

Popular Posts

Comments

ShareThis