Declaring Arrays
Consider below statement.
int marks;
In above statement, marks
is a integer variable which occupies just 2 bytes in the memory. We can store
only single value at any point of time.
Arrays can be used to store multiple values. Arrays are used
to store multiple values in the contiguous locations in memory.
Sample array representation in memory is given below.
int a[6];
In above figure, we have an array of size 6. Please note
that Array index starts at 0.
So to get the first element in array we have to use below
syntax.
X = a[0];
After execution of above statement, Variable X will contain
22.
The above mentioned array is 1-dimensional array.
We can also create multi dimensional arrays.
- 2-dimensional array
- 3-dimensional array and so on..
One dimensional Array
Below program demonstrates how to use
1-dimensional array in C.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
//Declare and initialize the array
with 5 elements.
int a[5]={2,4,3,6,10};
//Please note that we can not store
more than 5 elements in above array.
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<=4;i++) // for loop is used to iterate
through the array from 0 to 4
{
printf("\n %d",a[i]);
// printing value
of ith location of an array
}
getchar();
}
Please note that we can store only similar data type values
in the array. In above example, we can store only integer values in array a. We
can not store floating numbers like 12.4 in above array. To store such number,
you will have to declare the array of type float.
Program to Accept 5 element from user &
Display sum of elements.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[5];
int i=0,sum=0;
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter %d
position Array Element :",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
sum=sum+a[i];
}
printf("\n
Sum=%d",sum);
getchar();
}
Program to accept integer values in two arrays
& sum them into third array.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[5],b[5],c[5];
int i=0,sum=0;
printf("Enter First
Array element \n");
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter %d
position Array Element :",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("Enter Second
Array element \n");
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter %d
position Array Element :",i);
scanf("%d",&b[i]);
}
printf("Addition
stored in third array \n");
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
c[i]=a[i]+b[i];
printf(" c[%d]=%d \n",i,c[i]);
}
getchar();
}
Program to sort given Array in Ascending order.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[5];
int i=0,j=0,temp=0;
printf("Enter Array
element \n");
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter %d
position Array Element :",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
for(j=0;j<=4;j++)
{
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
if(a[i+1]<a[i])
{
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[i+1];
a[i+1]=temp;
}
}
}
printf("Array in ascending order
is:\n");
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
printf("%d\n",a[i]);
}
getchar();
}
Multidimensional Array
Multi-dimensional arrays can be used in many scenarios
like matrix operations.
Program to accept elements for 3 x 3 matrix
& display the contents is given below.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[3][3];
int r,c;
printf("Enter Array
element \n");
for(r=0;r<=2;r++)
{
for(c=0;c<=2;c++)
{
printf("\n enter
a[%d][%d] :",r,c);
scanf("%d",&a[r][c]);
}
}
printf("Display Array
element \n");
for(r=0;r<=2;r++)
{
for(c=0;c<=2;c++)
{
printf("a[%d][%d]=%d\n"
,r,c,a[r][c]);
}
}
getchar();
}
Program to add 2 matrices of 3 x 3 dimensions
is given below.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[3][3];
int b[3][3];
int d[3][3];
int r,c;
printf("Enter First
Array element \n");
for(r=0;r<=2;r++)
{
for(c=0;c<=2;c++)
{
printf("\n enter
a[%d][%d] :",r,c);
scanf("%d",&a[r][c]);
}
}
printf("Enter Second
Array element \n");
for(r=0;r<=2;r++)
{
for(c=0;c<=2;c++)
{
printf("\n b[%d][%d]
:",r,c);
scanf("%d",&b[r][c]);
}
}
printf("Addition
stored in third array \n");
for(r=0;r<=2;r++)
{
for(c=0;c<3;c++)
{
d[r][c]=a[r][c]+b[r][c];
printf(" d[%d][%d]=%d
\n",r,c,d[r][c]);
}
}
getchar();
}
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