Writing Section in IELTS

As you must be knowing, there are 4 sections in IELTS Test.

1. Reading.
2. Writing.
3. Listening.
4. Speaking.

In this article, we will get familiar with the Writing Section. Writing Section is different for Academic and General Test.

Format of Academic Writing Section in IELTS Test.

This is a 60 minute test. In this section, there are 2 tasks.

1. Write a report on Graphical Image.
2. Present your opinion on given topic.

Format of General Writing Section in IELTS Test.

This is a 60 minute test. In this section, there are 2 tasks.

1. Write a letter.
2. Write an essay on given topic.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Software Testing World

Welcome to the Software testing world page. On this page, you will find all the stuff related to software testing.

1. Software Testing Introduction.
2. Software Testing Types or methodologies.
3. Software Testing Levels.
4. Software Testing Life cycle.
5. Desktop Application Testing.
6. Website Testing.
7. Web Services Testing.
8. Performance Testing.
9. Domain Knowledge of Application under Test.
10. Mobile App Testing(IOS, Android).
11. Agile Testing- Scrum/Kanban/Lean/XP.
12. Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI and CD).
13. Defect Life Cycle.
14. Automation testing and Frameworks (Test Driven, Behaviour Driven - Cucumber, Gherkin, xcode, JBehave, JUnit, TestNG).
15. Test Management Tools(HP ALM, Test Track, JIRA...)
16. Test Automation Tools (QTP, Selenium......)
17. Defect Management Tools.(BugZilla, QC...)
18. CI tools and frameworks (TeamCity, MSBuild, Jenkins, GIT, Bamboo)
19. Software Testing Metrics.
20. ETL Testing (Data Centric Testing - Databases and Data warehousing). 
21. Software Testing Certifications.(ISTQB)
22. Software Testing Books.
23. Software Testing Professionals - Salary Survey(2014).
24. Trending technologies - SQL, Java, Java script, jQuery, HTML5, REST, JSON, Python, C#.Net, Linux Shell, Windows Power Shell.
25. Big Data and Cloud Testing.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Australian visa for skilled workers User Guide

If you have skills that Australia needs, you may apply for one of the visas that Australia offers.
Please follow below links to know more.

1. Which Skills are in Demand in Australia?
2. General Eligibility Criteria to apply for skilled visa.
3. Visa Categories for Skilled Workers.
4. SkillSelect - Expression of Interest (EOI).
5. Skill Assessment Process.
6. Invitation to Apply for Visa.
7. Visa Application Process. 

To get the latest information on Visa, you can visit official Australian Immigration website.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Visa options for skilled professionals in Australia.

There are 2 types of visas for skilled professionals in Australia.

1. Employer Sponsored Skilled Immigration.
2. Points Tested Skilled Immigration.

Employer Sponsored Skilled Immigration.

In this category of visa, there are 3 types.

1. 457 -Temporary Work (Up to 4 years).
2. 186 - Employer Nomination Scheme (Permanent).
3. 187 - Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme (Permanent).

Points Tested Skilled Immigration.

In this category of visa, there are 4 types.

1. 189 - Skilled Independent (Permanent)
2. 190 - Employer Nominated (Permanent)
3. 489 - Relative Sponsored or State Nominated (Up to 4 Years)

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

IELTS User Guide

Please find below the table of contents for the IELTS User Guide.

1. IELTS Introduction.
2. Why to take IELTS?
3. IELTS Exam Pattern.
4. Registering for the Test.
5. Speaking Section in IELTS.
6. Listening Section in IELTS.
7. Reading Section in IELTS.
8. Writing Section in IELTS.
9. Understanding Score Card.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

English Grammar Tutorial

English is the most widely used language in the world. In this article, You will go through different lessons to understand English language grammar.

English Basics

1. English Alphabets 
2. English Vocabulary (fruits, vegetables, colours, building, house, kitchen......more)
3. English Sentences (Subject + Verb + Objects)

Parts of Speech in English

1. Verbs (used to indicate actions like run, eat, go.... etc) Auxiliary verbs, Modal verbs
2. Nouns (names of cities, people, things, places..etc) Genders in Nouns, Singular and Plural
3. Pronouns  - Personal, Reflexive, Possesive, Reciprocal,  Demonstrative, Interrogative, Relative, Indefinite Pronouns
4. Adjectives (Words describing Nouns and Pronouns like slow, clever... etc) Degrees
5. Adverbs (Words that change meaning of verbs like Slowly, successfully..etc)
6. Prepositions (Words used to indicate positions like above, over, to, through, around...etc)
7. Conjunctions (Words used to join 2 or more sentences like and, but, so....)
8. Interjections Or Exclamation (Words used to express spontaneous feelings like wow!, oh! )

Advanced English Grammar

1. to be forms, to have forms
2. Tenses 
3. Tense sub types - Simple, Continuous/Imperfect/Progressive, Perfect, Perfect Imperfect (Perfect Continuous)
4. Articles
5. Determiners  
6. Quantifiers
7. Reporting Speech
8. Conditionals (if )
9. Clauses
10. Active and Passive Voice
11. Questions
12. Gerunds and Infinitives
13. Figure of Speech (Simile, Hyperbole, Metaphor..)

Miscellaneous Topics in English Grammar

1. Synonyms and Antonyms
2. Phrasal Verbs
3. Proverbs
4. Idioms 
5. Conversations and speeches on various topics
6. Essays (My School, Best Cricketer, Home Town, Childhood Memories....more)
7. Letters
8. Group Discussion (Debates)

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Listening Section in IELTS Exam

As you must be knowing, there are 4 sections in IELTS Test.

1. Reading.
2. Writing.
3. Listening.
4. Speaking.

In this article, we will get familiar with the Listening Section.

Format of Listening test in IELTS Exam.

In this test, You listen to 4 recorded conversations. The section is same for academic and generic test.
It is 30 minute long test.
The listening test is divided into 4 parts with each part having 10 questions.

1. Part 1 - Simple discussion 
2. Part 2 - Abstract Paragraph
3. Part 3 - Advanced Discussion
4. Part 4 - Difficult paragraph

Tips for listening section -

1. Recording is played only once. So you will have to listen very carefully. 
2. Questions are asked in the same order as you listen.
3. First 2 recordings are usually simple.
4. The level of difficulty increases in Part 3 and Part 4.
5. Do lot of practise of listening to news on BBC or CNN.

You can have a look at sample listening test at below websites.

1. Listening test - British Council
2. IELTS - Listening Test

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Common Questions asked in Speaking section in IELTS exam

Please find below sample questions and answers in IELTS exam's speaking test.

Tell me about yourself as a Person.
My name is XYZ. I live in Pune. My native place is Baramati.

Tell me about your Family.
I stay with my wife here in Pune. My parents live in my village which is 100 KM away from here.
I have 2 elder brothers. The eldest brother is a business man. He runs the water pump shop in Chinchwad. He lives in Ravet which is very close to my place. Middle brother works in Indian Army.
Currently he is posted in Mumbai.

Do you have friends? What do they do and why do you think they are important?
I have a big circle of friends. Most of them are college friends. They are working in software companies in India and Abroad.We also have a whats app Group which helps us stay connected with each other. During college days we had a blast at many times on the occasion of birthdays, gatherings, annual functions. I am really missing those amazing days. Now it is really difficult to get all friends together as all of them living in different cities and countries. Even though we are staying away from each other, we are connected by a lovely bond of friendship.

Tell me about your Likes or Hobbies.
I like writing blogs, watching cricket, watching movies and travelling. I write about technical subjects and my personal experiences about life and travel. I have been a huge fan of Indian Cricket Team. I have been to many tourist places in Maharashtra like Matheran, Mahabaleshwar, Pachgani, Goa, Malvan, Kashid Beach and Mumbai. I also like photography. I own Nikon DSLR D3200 Camera.

Tell me about your Dislikes.
I hate long journeys.

Tell me about your Educational Background.
I studied till HSC in Baramati. I passed out with distinction in SSC and HSC exams. I was good at study as well as sports. Then I moved to Pune for graduation study in computer engineering at D Y Patil COE.

What kind of job/work do you do?
I got hired in the final year of graduation course by XYZ Pvt Ltd. Since then, I have been working in IT industry for more than 7 years now. To be specific, I have been working as an automation tester.

Tell me something about your city or birthplace
My native place is Baramati. Baramati is also an abode of well known politician - Sharad Pawar. Baramati is a small town but well developed due to the efforts of Mr. Sharad Pawar. Town has got good colleges, hospitals. Roads are also in good condition.

Tell me about your typical daily routine.
I get up at around 6 AM in the morning everyday. I do exercise for 15 minutes. Then I go to wash room and take a bath. I take breakfast at around 7 AM. Then I read a news paper with a cup of tea. Then I dress up and get ready to go to office.

Tell me something about building or house you live in.
I stay in a rented house in Chinchwad. I have purchased a new house. But I have not got the possession of the flat yet.

Do you like travelling? if Yes, with whom, where, when and why?
I like travelling much. I have been to Goa.

Do you go to Gym? why?
I do not go to Gym. I do exercise at home only.

How do you take care of your health? Any hospital experience?
I have got a sound body and health. But I suffer from nose infections very often.

Have you attended birth day party or marriage party recently? How was it?
I attended the marriage of my cousin last month. It was held at Satara.

Do you have any good/bad habits? How someone can get rid of bad habit?
I do not have any bad habit.

Do you like watching movies on TV or Theatre? why? What's your favourite program?
I like watching movies in theatre. The atmosphere in theatre is electrifying with many people whistling on the entry of hero or heroine. Screen is also huge which makes the experience memorable one.

Do you read newspaper? which one? why?
I read TOI. It is one of the most circulated newspaper in India. Quality of the paper is better than any other news paper. Content is also good.

Do you like Music? What kind of Music? Why? Which songs do you like?
I like romantic songs and soft music.

What's your favourite Movie/ singer/ Sport Person/ Actor? Why?
DDLJ is my favourite movie. The acting of SRK is awesome in that movie.

Do you like veg food or non-veg food? why? What's your favourite dish?
I like both veg and non-veg food. I like surmai Thali the most.

Do you know cooking? How do you make typical Indian cuisine?
I do not like cooking. It is very time consuming.

What kind of festivals do you celebrate? your favourite festival? Why?
I celebrate Diwali Festival with much enthusiasm.

When do you shop? What items do you buy? When?
I go shopping during festival season. I buy cloths for myself and family. I also purchase some gift items for my relatives.

What kind of clothes do you wear?
I like to wear jeans the most.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Speaking section in IELTS exam

As you must be knowing, there are 4 sections in IELTS Test.

1. Reading.
2. Writing.
3. Listening.
4. Speaking.

In this article, we will get familiar with the Speaking Test.

Format of Speaking test in IELTS Test.

In this test, you need to interact with the examiner face to face. Duration of this test is 10 to 15 minutes. Speaking test is divided into 3 parts as described below.

1. Part 1 - In this part, examiner asks you about yourself, family and friends. He may also ask you about your likes and dislikes, why you want to appear for IELTS Test.
2. Part 2 - In this part, Examiner asks you to speak about a topic.
3. Part 3 - In this part, there is a detailed discussion about the topic that you have spoken about in step 2. Examiner may ask you some questions based upon your arguments or statements.

You may find sample speaking tests at below urls.

1. IELTS site.
2. British Council
3. IELTS Exam Site
4. Good luck ielts

Now let us get into details about each part.

Part 1 - How to impress the examiner in introduction section.

As I said above, part 1 is also called as introduction part. You are asked to introduce yourself, your family and friends. You can do lot of practise on this part, as there are no surprising questions in this part. You may talk about your educational background, your employer, your hobbies, likes, dislikes. You may talk about your favourite food, sport, sports person etc. Remember that first impression is the last impression. So be excited. Look at examiner when you are speaking. Don't stare at him. Don't let examiner feel that you have mugged up the speech. To know about sample questions that may be asked to you, please follow this link.

Part 2 - Speech on general topic.

In this part, you have to speak on any topic that your examiner gives you.

Part 3 - 2 way discussion the topic you spoke on in part 2.

In this part, you will have 2 way discussion with examiner on the topic you talked on in part 2.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

What is IELTS?

What is IELTS?
IELTS stands for International English Language Testing System. It is one of the major English language test in the world. Around 2 million people across the world appear for this test.
TOEFL is another such major test to check proficiency in English Language. To visit official website of IELTS, click me.

IELTS is managed by 3 organizations.

1. Cambridge English Language Assessment.
2. British Council.
3. IDP Education.

There are 2 types of IELTS Exam.

1. Academic - usually taken by students
2. General - usually taken by skilled professionals.

Why you may need to take IELTS exam?

Good score in IELTS exam is required if you want to do below things.

1. You want to take higher education in English speaking countries like USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand.
2. You want to apply for skilled visa in Australia or New Zealand.

What is the IELTS exam pattern or format?

IELTS has four sections.

1. Reading 
2. Writing
3. Listening 
4. Speaking

Listening and speaking sections are same for academic and general test

You are given score bands in each section from 1 to 9. Band 1 means non-user. Band 9 means super user. Band of 6 means you have a competent English skill. Different institutes need different band levels. For example - Skill based point system for 189 Australian Visa, you need a band score of 7 in each section.

How to register for the IELTS exam?

You can visit the IELTS website to find out the nearest test centre. In Pune (Indian City), there are 2 centres of IELTS. First one is British Council at Ferguson College and other one is IDP education near E-square theatre. Fee for IELTS is different in different country. In India it costs around $160.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Document check list for Skill Assessment by ACS in Australia

Skill assessment is required if you want to apply for any skill category visa in Australia.
Many skills are in demand in Australia.

You can find which skills are in demand at below page.
Skills in Demand and Assessing authorities

To assess your skills in your field, there are different organizations in Australia that can help you.

For example -
If you are a software tester, your skills will be assessed by Australian Computer Society (ACS).
If you are a civil engineer, your skills will be assessed by Engineers Australia.

In this article, I am just writing about document check list for skills assessed by ACS.
ACS makes assessment of skills in below categories.

1. Multimedia Specialist
2. Web Developer
3. Software Tester
4. Software and Applications Programmers nec
5. Database Administrator
6. ICT Security Specialist
7. Systems Administrator
8. Network Administrator
9. Network Analyst
10. ICT Quality Assurance Engineer
11. ICT Support Engineer
12. ICT Systems Test Engineer
13. ICT Support and Test Engineers 

Here is the list of documents that you will have to upload on ACS website to get your computer skills assessed.

1. Certified copy of birth certificate or passport
2. Certified copy of Education (Degree Certificates and Transcripts or Mark sheets)
3. Skilled employment references (Containing details like company, duties, duration, full time or part time job, country etc.).

Most of the multi national companies (including India) do not mention the duties of the employee in the experience letter or certificate. In such case, you need to furnish affidavit or statutory declaration by your supervisor stating your job responsibilities. A registered advocate can help you prepare this affidavit.  

Please make sure that you note below points.

1. Scan the certified copies in PDF format.
2. Consolidate all pages into single pdf for particular Degree or Employment.
3. Size of PDF files should not be more than 3 MB.
4. All certified copies should be signed by legal authority. Also the date and name should be written near stamp.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

189 PR Visa - Points Calculator for Australia

189 Visa is a Permanent Resident visa offered by Australian Government. People from different skill sets can apply for this visa.

Under 189 category, you will have to score at least 60 points to get the invitations to apply for this visa. English proficiency is also required for this visa.

So typical steps are given below.

1. Get a score of at least 6 in all sections of IELTS.
2. Get your skills assessed by skill assessment authority in australia.
3. Submit expression of Interest (EOI).
4. If you have 60+ score, you may get invitation to apply for the visa.

Points table at http://www.immi.gov.au/visas/pages/189.aspx shows the distribution of skill points.

Now let us calculate the points of typical software tester profile. Suppose you have 7 years of experience in software testing in India and you have got engineering degree in computer science in Indian university. Also you have scored 7 in each section of IELTS. Suppose your age is 28.

You will score below points.

1. Age            - 30 Points
2. IELTS        - 10 Points 
3. BE Degree - 10 Points
4. Experience - 10 Points

Thus you will score 60 points overall.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

How to get 189-Skilled Independent Visa for Australia?

Australia immigration department provides different kinds of visas for working professionals.

What is 189 Visa?
189 visa is a skilled independent visa which allows non-Australians to live and work in Australia upto 5 years. Many Indians apply for this visa. Professionals from many sectors in huge demand in Australia.

Who can apply for 189 Visa?
Anyone who meets below requirements can apply for this visa.

1. You must have a score of 60 points in Points based test.
2. Get a score of min 6 in IELTS all sections.
3. Aged between 18 and 50.

What are the steps to apply for 189 Visa?

Please follow below steps.

1. Get IELTS (General English Test) Done.
2. Find your skill code at http://acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/7641/ANZSCO-Descriptions.pdf 
3. Get Skills assessed through ACS.org.au/migration-skills-assessment
4. Submit Expression of Interest (EOI) Skillselect.gov.au/skillselect/logon/login.aspx
5. Wait for invitation through skill select program.

Once you have got the invitation to apply for visa, you can submit your visa application.

You can find more information at http://www.immi.gov.au/visas/pages/189.aspx 

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Command Line Arguments in C

Command line arguments can be used to pass the input to the C program through command line.

Below screen shot shows how to execute the program with command line arguments using gcc in windows system.

We have sent one argument to the program – "sagar Salunke".

Program prints the length of the argument that we have passed.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main (int c, char *arg[])

{

if (c < 2)

{

      printf("too less arguments");

      return -1;

}

 printf("Number of command line arguments - %d \n" , c);

 printf("Length of the argument is %d", strlen(arg[1]));

 

}

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Error Handling in C

In C we can handle errors using special variable called errno which is defined in <errno.h> header file. Whenever any error occurs during execution of the c program, the error number is stored in errno variable. To print the error description, we use below function call.

strerror( errno);

We can clear error number using below line.

Errno = 0;

#include <stdio.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <string.h>

extern int errno ;

int main ()

{

   FILE * pf;

   pf = fopen ("abdc.txt", "r");

   if (pf == NULL)

   {

      printf("errno contains value : %d\n", errno);

      printf("Human readable error description : %s\n", strerror( errno ));

   }

   else

   {

      fclose (pf);

   }

   return 0;

}

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User defined Header files in C

We know that built-in header files contain the prototypes for many useful functions. We can also create our own header file with custom function.

For example – Let us create one header file called mul.h which contains the function sum. This function will return the sum of 2 arguments that we pass.

Source code of Sum.h header file is given below.

int mul(int a, int b)

{

return (a*b);

}

Source code of abc.c is given below. Please note how we have included above header file in abc.c and we have called mul function which is defined in mul.h

#include <stdio.h>

#include "mul.h"

int main()

{

printf("%d", mul(3,4));

}

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Pre-processor Directives in C

The C Pre processor or cpp is the macro pre-processor.

We can do below tasks using pre-processor directives.

1. Including header files
2. Expanding macro
3. Conditional compilation
4. Defining global constants.

Some examples of CPP directives are given below.

1.  #include<stdio.h> - This directive tells the CPP to include contents of stdio.h file into current c source file.
2.  #define PI 3.14 – This directive defines the constants.

We can also have directives that can be used for the conditional compilation.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#define PI 3.14

int main()

{

#if (defined PI)

  printf(" PI is defined");

#endif

}

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Appending Files in C

To append contents to the file, you will have to open the file in append mode.

#include <stdio.h>                  

#include <string.h>

main( )

{

    FILE *f;

    char s1[25];

    int i;

    f = fopen("abc.txt","a");

    /* open for writing */

    strcpy(s1,"This is an example line.");

    for (i = 11; i <= 20; i++)

      fprintf(f,"%s Line number %d\n", s1, i);

    fclose(f); /* close the file before ending program */

}

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Deleting File in C

We can delete the file using remove method.

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

{

   int ret;

     // remove method accepts the name of file to be deleted as a parameter

   ret=remove("c:\\abc.txt");

  if(ret==0)

   {

    printf("File is deleted \n");

   }

  else

   {

    printf("File not deleted \n");

   }

getchar();

}

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Check if file exists in C

Below program shows how to check if file exists or not.

#include<stdio.h>             

#include<stdlib.h>

void main()

{

      // here declare a file in pointer.

    FILE *filep;                          

     

      // try to open a text file at location c:\abc.txt.

     

      //if file exists, fopen will return not null pointer

    filep =fopen("c:\\abc.txt","r");

     

    if (!filep)

     {

      printf ("File does not exist\n");

      getchar();

     }

    else

     {

      printf("File exists at given location");

     }

}

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